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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
Software Comparisons
Electrical Software
A group of different electrical power cables
7 mins read

Skin and Proximity Effects on AC Resistance Calculations

The AC resistance of a cable conductor is always larger than the DC resistance. The primary reasons are ‘skin effect’ and ‘proximity effect’. Equations and example calculations are provided in this article.
A table with an assortment of cables and wires for power connections.
5 mins read

Charging Current and its Affect on Maximum Cable Length

Charging current in power cables is 10-20 times larger than for overhead lines. The maximum length of cable circuits is determined by their capacitance. This report provides equations and shows how critical cable length depends on voltage level, cable size and frequency.
Motors in a factory setting_ELEK Software
1 min read

Maximum Demand Tables

Reference tables for diversity factors and energy demand from Wiring Rules AS/NZ 3000 for domestic and non-domestic installations.
Electrician installing power cable 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Voltage drop limits for Low Voltage installations

Voltage Drop Limits per the Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000 as well as rules of thumb to assist with electrical design. Includes AC and DC voltage drop or rise limits.
Copper earthing grid conductors buried
4 mins read

Resistance of Earthing Rods and Rod Beds

Earthing rods improve earthing systems when driven into low resistivity soil layers. Due to the proximity effect the rule of thumb is earth rods should be separated by at least their driven length. Rods may be encased in concrete to lower their resistance. Equations are provided for hand calculations and these have been validated with numerical software.
Infrared image of cable tray showing temperature gradients with adjacent diagrams labeled Flat (1), Flat (2), Trefoil (1), Trefoil (2), and check or crossmarks indicating status.
8 mins read

Ampacity of Power Cables Installed in Trays

Explore the factors affecting cable ampacity in trays, including thermal and electromagnetic effects. Learn calculation methods and best practices for safe power cable installations.
shutterstock 188769602 1170x585 - Popular
12 mins read

Fundamentals of Earthing Design

Key earthing design concepts covered including Grid Potential Rise, design to reduce touch and step voltages, fault current distribution, effects of soil resistivity and use of rods to improve safety along with calculation and modelling examples.
High voltage power cable with copper conductors
8 mins read

Achieving Accurate High Voltage Cable Current Ratings

Accurate high voltage cable current ratings achieved - ELEK Cable HV software matches CIGRE TB 880 and performs IEC 60287 compliant calculations.
ELEK Software Vehicle Charging Station 1170x585 - Popular
3 mins read

Touch Voltage Calculations for LV Electrical Systems

The definition of “touch voltage” is the voltage between accessible exposed and extraneous conductive parts that may lead to the risk of electric shock in the event of an electrical fault. This article covers AS/NZS 3000, BS 7671, and NFPA 70E rules concerning touch voltages and provides the equations for calculations.
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