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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
Software Comparisons
Electrical Software
A table with an assortment of cables and wires for power connections.
5 mins read

Charging Current and its Affect on Maximum Cable Length

Charging current in power cables is 10-20 times larger than for overhead lines. The maximum length of cable circuits is determined by their capacitance. This report provides equations and shows how critical cable length depends on voltage level, cable size and frequency.
shutterstock 188769602 1170x585 - Popular
12 mins read

Fundamentals of Earthing Design

Key earthing design concepts covered including Grid Potential Rise, design to reduce touch and step voltages, fault current distribution, effects of soil resistivity and use of rods to improve safety along with calculation and modelling examples.
A group of different electrical power cables
7 mins read

Skin and Proximity Effects on AC Resistance Calculations

The AC resistance of a cable conductor is always larger than the DC resistance. The primary reasons are ‘skin effect’ and ‘proximity effect’. Equations and example calculations are provided in this article.
HV Cables Single Cores in the Ground 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Neutral Conductor Sizing

The neutral conductor is required for each primary circuit, and there are rules in the Standards for its sizing.
Cables in trench 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Estimating Cable Life Expectancy

Most power cables have a design life of between 20 to 30 years. If the cables are not fully loaded, they are expected to last beyond their design life. The insulation is the weakest part of a cable. Montsinger's Rule states: Insulation life is halved by a temperature increase of 8 to 10 ˚C. An example calculation using the Arrhenius equation is provided.
Electrician installing power cable 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Voltage drop limits for Low Voltage installations

Voltage Drop Limits per the Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000 as well as rules of thumb to assist with electrical design. Includes AC and DC voltage drop or rise limits.
Substation Crushed Rock for Safety ELEK Software 1 min 1 1170x585 - Popular
4 mins read

Why Crushed Rock is Laid in Substations

There are two reasons, according to the standards, why crushed rock or gravel is laid in substations, as explained in this article.
Copper earthing grid conductors buried
4 mins read

Resistance of Earthing Rods and Rod Beds

Earthing rods improve earthing systems when driven into low resistivity soil layers. Due to the proximity effect the rule of thumb is earth rods should be separated by at least their driven length. Rods may be encased in concrete to lower their resistance. Equations are provided for hand calculations and these have been validated with numerical software.
Infrared image of cable tray showing temperature gradients with adjacent diagrams labeled Flat (1), Flat (2), Trefoil (1), Trefoil (2), and check or crossmarks indicating status.
8 mins read

Ampacity of Power Cables Installed in Trays

Explore the factors affecting cable ampacity in trays, including thermal and electromagnetic effects. Learn calculation methods and best practices for safe power cable installations.
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