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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
ELEK Software Grounding Earthing cables on copper bar 1 1170x585 - Popular
6 mins read

Protective Earth Cable Sizing

This article explains how to properly size earth conductors for earth faults and includes the method, equations, constants you can use and worked examples to follow.
Electrician installing power cable 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Voltage drop limits for Low Voltage installations

Voltage Drop Limits per the Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000 as well as rules of thumb to assist with electrical design. Includes AC and DC voltage drop or rise limits.
Cable trench being backfilled by an excavator 1170x585 - Popular
5 mins read

Typical Thermal Resistivity of Backfill Soils and Concrete

It's difficult to decide on the thermal resistivity of soil or backfill to use for cable rating studies. The typical thermal resistivities of common native soils and engineered materials used as backfills for buried cables are provided in tables.
Copper earthing grid conductors buried
4 mins read

Resistance of Earthing Rods and Rod Beds

Earthing rods improve earthing systems when driven into low resistivity soil layers. Due to the proximity effect the rule of thumb is earth rods should be separated by at least their driven length. Rods may be encased in concrete to lower their resistance. Equations are provided for hand calculations and these have been validated with numerical software.
Lightning strike on substation 1 1 1170x585 - Popular
6 mins read

Lightning Protection Design for Substations

Direct lightning strikes to substations causes physical damage and poses hazards for people.
Graph comparing the relationship between distance and resistance in electrical systems and renewable energy sources.
9 mins read

Testing of Earthing Systems

Provides test procedures based on the fall of potential method and actual touch and step voltage measurements for the purpose of validating a safe earthing design. Includes procedures for both large or small earthing systems, safety requirements (for undertaking the tests) and recommended testing equipment.
Diagram showing electric field (E), gravitational field (G), weight (W), and electrostatic force (Fe) acting on a charged oil drop.
10 mins read

Modelling a Fall of Potential Earth Grid Impedance Test

Understand how software simulations enhance grid impedance tests, improving accuracy and efficiency in earthing system design and performance evaluation.
Infrared image of cable tray showing temperature gradients with adjacent diagrams labeled Flat (1), Flat (2), Trefoil (1), Trefoil (2), and check or crossmarks indicating status.
8 mins read

Ampacity of Power Cables Installed in Trays

Explore the factors affecting cable ampacity in trays, including thermal and electromagnetic effects. Learn calculation methods and best practices for safe power cable installations.
Earthing Design Software Screenshot
11 mins read

7 Best Earthing and Grounding Design Software Packages

We compare the best and latest earthing and grounding system design software including SafeGrid, CDEGS, XGSLab, ETAP and more based on technical features and compares price.
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