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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
Graph comparing the relationship between distance and resistance in electrical systems and renewable energy sources.
9 mins read

Testing of Earthing Systems

Provides test procedures based on the fall of potential method and actual touch and step voltage measurements for the purpose of validating a safe earthing design. Includes procedures for both large or small earthing systems, safety requirements (for undertaking the tests) and recommended testing equipment.
ELEK Software Grounding Earthing cables on copper bar 1 1170x585 - Popular
6 mins read

Protective Earth Cable Sizing

This article explains how to properly size earth conductors for earth faults and includes the method, equations, constants you can use and worked examples to follow.
Cables in trench 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Estimating Cable Life Expectancy

Most power cables have a design life of between 20 to 30 years. If the cables are not fully loaded, they are expected to last beyond their design life. The insulation is the weakest part of a cable. Montsinger's Rule states: Insulation life is halved by a temperature increase of 8 to 10 ˚C. An example calculation using the Arrhenius equation is provided.
Screenshot of cable sizing calculator software named Cable Pro Web
4 mins read

JCalc vs Cable Pro Web: A Complete Comparison

Cable Pro Web is cheaper with more features than JCalc (which is not free). Choose cable sizing software that scales with your business. This article honestly compares prices, features and ease of use.
Earthing Design Software Screenshot
10 mins read

7 Best Earthing and Grounding Design Software Packages

Comparison of the best earthing and grounding system design software including ELEK SafeGrid, CDEGS, XGSLab, ETAP and more based on technical features and compares price.
Substation Crushed Rock for Safety ELEK Software 1 min 1 1170x585 - Popular
4 mins read

Why Crushed Rock is Laid in Substations

There are two reasons, according to the standards, why crushed rock or gravel is laid in substations, as explained in this article.
Circuit breakers 1 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Protection Coordination Requirements from Standards

There are several international Standards (AS/NZS, BS and IEC) which cover requirements for protection coordination of low voltage electrical systems and this article provides a summary of those as a reference.
ELEK Software Vehicle Charging Station 1170x585 - Popular
3 mins read

Touch Voltage Calculations for LV Electrical Systems

The definition of “touch voltage” is the voltage between accessible exposed and extraneous conductive parts that may lead to the risk of electric shock in the event of an electrical fault. This article covers AS/NZS 3000, BS 7671, and NFPA 70E rules concerning touch voltages and provides the equations for calculations.
Cross-section of XLPE insulated high voltage power cable
5 mins read

Temperature Limits for XLPE Insulated Cables

The widely accepted maximum operating temperature of XLPE insulated power cables under “normal use” conditions is 90 ˚C. During emergencies, the temperature of a buried cable may be permitted to exceed this temperature. The duration considered for such emergencies ranges from 10 minutes up to 15 days. In many countries, XLPE-insulated cables are allowed to operate up to 100-105 ˚C for short durations.
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