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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
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Electrical Software
NEC cable sizing calculation example showing 4/0 AWG conductor selection with ampacity, voltage drop, and NFPA 70 electrical code reference
14 mins read

How to Size Cables Using NEC (With Calculation Examples)

Learn how to size cables using NEC (NFPA 70) with step-by-step calculation examples, including ampacity, voltage drop, OCPD, and EGC sizing.
Cross-section of a cable duct in soil showing airflow patterns: warm air rises in the center, cool air descends by the wall, and heat is conducted into the soil.
9 mins read

Ampacity of Multiple Cable Circuits in a Duct

Accurate ampacity for multiple cable circuits in a duct using FEM: Learn how mutual heating and duct arrangement impact safe, efficient cable design in solar PV systems.
ELEK Software Vehicle Charging Station 1170x585 - Popular
3 mins read

Touch Voltage Calculations for LV Electrical Systems

The definition of “touch voltage” is the voltage between accessible exposed and extraneous conductive parts that may lead to the risk of electric shock in the event of an electrical fault. This article covers AS/NZS 3000, BS 7671, and NFPA 70E rules concerning touch voltages and provides the equations for calculations.
ELEK Software Grounding Earthing cables on copper bar 1 1170x585 - Popular
6 mins read

Protective Earth Cable Sizing

This article explains how to properly size earth conductors for earth faults and includes the method, equations, constants you can use and worked examples to follow.
A graph displays time-current curves with a blue and red shaded areas, showing time (s) on the y-axis and current (A) on the x-axis, both on logarithmic scales.
2 mins read

A Step-by-Step Protection Coordination Study Example

Learn how to set and coordinate circuit breakers to meet AS/NZS 3000:2018, ensuring faults are isolated quickly and safely in electrical systems.
Lightning strike on substation 1 1 1170x585 - Popular
6 mins read

Lightning Protection Design for Substations

Direct lightning strikes to substations causes physical damage and poses hazards for people.
Graph comparing the relationship between distance and resistance in electrical systems and renewable energy sources.
9 mins read

Testing of Earthing Systems

Provides test procedures based on the fall of potential method and actual touch and step voltage measurements for the purpose of validating a safe earthing design. Includes procedures for both large or small earthing systems, safety requirements (for undertaking the tests) and recommended testing equipment.
Overhead power line with sun 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Factors Affecting Bare Conductor Current Ratings

The current rating of bare conductors is affected by the conductor temperature, weather parameters, heat losses due to convection and radiation, the solar heat gain and conductor resistance, the calculation of which is governed by a steady-state and a non-steady-state heat balance equation.
Close-up of an electrical panel displaying several circuit breakers, labeled with yellow tags such as QF1, QF2, and QF6, and connected by various colored wires.
3 mins read

The Ultimate MCB Protective Device Selection Guide

Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) protect against overcurrent in electrical circuits. MCBs are categorised based on their tripping characteristics, represented by different device curves such as Z, B, C, K, and D. This article offers guidance on selecting the right type for your application.
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