Learn about thermal analysis for HVDC submarine cables, focusing on the 2 K Criterion to minimize environmental impacts.

The calculation of submarine cable current ratings is different from land cables due to their complex construction and installation conditions.

Soil temperature affects high voltage cable and earthing systems. Equations for soil temperature calculations based on air temperature are provided.

This article provides a timeline of the key milestones from early 19th century insulated wires through to modern innovations in high-voltage cables.

New methods address IEC 60287 limitations for soil drying calculations. Considers multiple circuits, load factor, and backfill installations for accurate power cable ampacity.

Explore the factors affecting cable ampacity in trays, including thermal and electromagnetic effects. Learn calculation methods and best practices for safe power cable installations.

Based on extensive field experience, this article recommends the best materials for cable trays for use in offshore facilities such as offshore wind, solar, and oil rigs.

It's difficult to decide on the thermal resistivity of soil or backfill to use for cable rating studies. The typical thermal resistivities of common native soils and engineered materials used as backfills for buried cables are provided in tables.

The widely accepted maximum operating temperature of XLPE insulated power cables under “normal use” conditions is 90 ˚C. During emergencies, the temperature of a buried cable may be permitted to exceed this temperature. The duration considered for such emergencies ranges from 10 minutes up to 15 days. In many countries, XLPE-insulated cables are allowed to operate up to 100-105 ˚C for short durations.