Earthing Design

February 27, 2020

9 mins read

Testing of Earthing Systems

Provides test procedures based on the fall of potential method and actual touch and step voltage measurements for the purpose of validating a safe earthing design. Includes procedures for both large or small earthing systems, safety requirements (for undertaking the tests) and recommended testing equipment.

High Voltage Cable Design

August 3, 2024

5 mins read

Typical Thermal Resistivity of Backfill Soils and Concrete

It's difficult to decide on the thermal resistivity of soil or backfill to use for cable rating studies. The typical thermal resistivities of common native soils and engineered materials used as backfills for buried cables are provided in tables.

Low Voltage Design

April 14, 2020

2 mins read

Neutral Conductor Sizing

The neutral conductor is required for each primary circuit, and there are rules in the Standards for its sizing.

High Voltage Cable Design

July 8, 2024

5 mins read

Temperature Limits for XLPE Insulated Cables

The widely accepted maximum operating temperature of XLPE insulated power cables under “normal use” conditions is 90 ˚C. During emergencies, the temperature of a buried cable may be permitted to exceed this temperature. The duration considered for such emergencies ranges from 10 minutes up to 15 days. In many countries, XLPE-insulated cables are allowed to operate up to 100-105 ˚C for short durations.

Arc Flash

September 17, 2024

8 mins read

Step-by-Step Arc Flash Calculation: Real-World Example Using IEEE Standard 1584

All steps of a real-world arc flash calculation example of a low-voltage AC installation with transformer, main switchboard, and distribution boards are explained.

Earthing Design

July 1, 2021

10 mins read

Solar Farm Earthing Design and Modelling Guide

How to design and model earthing systems for a solar PV farm to the latest practices and standards. Soil resistivity, fault levels, and safety are covered.

High Voltage Cable Design

January 22, 2024

17 mins read

High Voltage Power Cable Current Ratings

Explains the effects of the installation conditions and the bonding arrangement on the current rating of high voltage power cables.

Low Voltage Design

November 21, 2022

3 mins read

Touch Voltage Calculations for LV Electrical Systems

The definition of “touch voltage” is the voltage between accessible exposed and extraneous conductive parts that may lead to the risk of electric shock in the event of an electrical fault. This article covers AS/NZS 3000, BS 7671, and NFPA 70E rules concerning touch voltages and provides the equations for calculations.

Low Voltage Design

April 6, 2019

2 mins read

Voltage drop limits for Low Voltage installations

Voltage Drop Limits per the Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000 as well as rules of thumb to assist with electrical design. Includes AC and DC voltage drop or rise limits.

Power Systems Technical Articles

Choose the article category

Testing of Earthing Systems

Typical Thermal Resistivity of Backfill Soils and Concrete

Neutral Conductor Sizing

Temperature Limits for XLPE Insulated Cables

Step-by-Step Arc Flash Calculation: Real-World Example Using IEEE Standard 1584

Solar Farm Earthing Design and Modelling Guide

High Voltage Power Cable Current Ratings

Touch Voltage Calculations for LV Electrical Systems

Voltage drop limits for Low Voltage installations

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