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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
2 mins read

New Wiring Rules and cable current ratings calculations

Discussion of the changes to AS/NZS 3000:2018 affecting cable current-carrying capacity.
Motors in a factory setting_ELEK Software
1 min read

Maximum Demand

The 4 main approaches for determining the maximum demand of an electrical installation are discussed.
3 mins read

Soil Frequency Dependency During Lightning Strikes

The effects of lightning strikes on earthing or protection systems designed to IEC 62305 can be modelled using an equivalent single frequency from 25kHz up to 1MHz which gives similar results to a time-domain approach. This article provides the frequency and current values to be used for modelling lightning.
2 mins read

Comparison of CYMCAP with Cable HV Software Results

We have benchmarked our Cable HV Software current rating results for 110 kV cables against the well-known software CYMCAP. We have shown the results are virtually identical (under 1.5 % difference).
6 mins read

Modelling Lightning Effects with an Equivalent Frequency

The effects of lightning strikes on earthing or protection systems designed to IEC 62305 can be modelled using an equivalent single frequency from 25kHz up to 1MHz which gives similar results to a time-domain approach. This article provides the frequency and current values to be used for modelling lightning.
3 mins read

Touch Voltages on Substation Metallic Fences

Should a metal fence be bonded to the substation earth grid? The metal fences around substations keep people out but they pose earthing safety challenges. These metallic fences, which are easily accessible to the public and personnel, must be adequately earthed and touch voltages on them during an electrical fault must not exceed safe limits.
Worker in a yellow helmet prepares electrical grounding connections on copper wires using welding molds and tools on a dirt surface.
4 mins read

How to Reduce Earth Grid Resistance

Design methods that reduce earth grid resistance, comparing relative effectiveness and practical limitations in grounding system design.
3 mins read

Current Rating for Groups of Circuits Installed in Air

The calculation of current ratings for groups of (multiple) cable circuits require the quantification of the mutual heating component between the groups of circuits. This example is for multiple groups of circuits in air on the same cable ladder. This article will discuss the IEC 60287 approach.
3 mins read

Modelling earthing rods surrounded with bentonite

Using bentonite to reduce resistance Sometimes it is not possible to achieve the desired reduction in ground resistance by adding more grid conductors or ground rods. An alternate solution is to effectively increase the diameter of the electrode by modifying the soil surrounding.
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