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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
Flowchart showing a series of squares, some filled red, on a path moving upward toward a "Higher Priority" label with an arrow on the right side.
4 mins read

Practical Guide to Selective Protection Coordination

Learn how to set priorities and adjust protective devices for selective coordination to isolate faults and minimise outages in electrical systems.
Close-up of an electrical panel displaying several circuit breakers, labeled with yellow tags such as QF1, QF2, and QF6, and connected by various colored wires.
3 mins read

The Ultimate MCB Protective Device Selection Guide

Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) protect against overcurrent in electrical circuits. MCBs are categorised based on their tripping characteristics, represented by different device curves such as Z, B, C, K, and D. This article offers guidance on selecting the right type for your application.
2 mins read

Typical Working Distances for Arc Flash Calculations

One of the main factors determining the severity of an arc flash injury is the proximity of the worker to the arc flash, also known as the working distance. Working distances from AS (ENA), IEEE, NFPA and DGUV Standards and Guides have been provided.
10 mins read

Emergency and Cyclic Ratings of HV Cables

The definition of emergency rating is the permissible short-term rating of a cable already loaded and at a steady-state, considering the thermal capacitances and the thermal resistances of an installed cable system. The definition of cyclic rating is the maximum current of a cable when the load is varied in a sequence of steps that are repeated cyclically. The cyclic rating differs for different sequences and different cycle periods. Both emergency and cyclic ratings deal with time-varying loads
A diagram of a set of test tubes on a table with power.
3 mins read

Concrete-encased Earthing Rods

Metal earthing rods that are encased inside concrete will have a lower resistance. Concrete has a typical electrical resistivity of between 30 Ohm.m to 200 Ohm.m.
Lightning strike on substation and transmission tower
4 mins read

Transmission Line Tower Earthing Analysis

The purpose of transmission line grounding is to provide adequate lightning performance of the line; and effectively dissipate fault current avoiding the build-up of unsafe step and touch potentials around the tower base.
Power cables installed, direct buried, representing the installation cases covered by AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2025
10 mins read

New 2025 Cable Sizing Standard AS/NZS 3008.1.1 — What Engineers and Electricians Need to Know

Seven major changes in AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2025 for cable sizing — new DC tables, multi-row correction factors, 110 °C aluminium ratings, voltage rise, and short-circuit limits.
Four thermal maps display varying heat distributions in a target area, with colors ranging from blue (cool) to red (hot).
7 mins read

Advanced Soil Drying for Accurate Ampacity Calculations

New methods address IEC 60287 limitations for soil drying calculations. Considers multiple circuits, load factor, and backfill installations for accurate power cable ampacity.
3 mins read

Earthing modelling of concrete slabs

Switchgear in substations is installed on top of concrete slabs containing substantial quantities of steel reinforcement. Often the embedded steel reinforcement is bonded to the main earthing system and used to cost-effectively improve earthing electrical performance and safety.
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