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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
Four electrical cables cross underground, emitting a glowing red light at the intersection point, indicating heat or energy transfer, with soil visible around the cables.
9 mins read

Cable Crossings and Ampacity

How cable crossings affect ampacity and current rating. Covers thermal hotspots, crossing angle, separation, and a practical HV case study.
A group of thick black cables secured with zip ties is arranged in front of a metal support structure. Some cables are marked with blue or red labels.
4 mins read

Current Rating of Ten Cables Touching in Air

The standard HV cable rating calculation methods do not cover all real-world situations. This article proposes a new method of finding the current rating for 10 cables touching in the air.
1653368710952 1170x585 - Popular
5 mins read

Current Rating of Cables in Ventilated Tunnels

The methods for calculating the current rating of multiple cables installed in ventilated tunnels are explained with example calculations. Overall tunnel length and air velocity inside the tunnel have a significant impact on cable current ratings.
Several black cables are laid in a trench dug through dry soil at a construction site, with metal posts and flagged stakes visible in the background.
6 mins read

Designing Solar PV Cable Trenches to Prevent Overheating

Prevent solar PV cable overheating with proper trench design. Learn how cable spacing, soil thermal resistivity, and backfill impact ampacity. Case study included.
2 mins read

How to model earthing surrounded with bentonite

How to model the influence of an additional substances like bentonite surrounding the conductors of a buried earthing system on grid resistance, touch and step voltages.
Cross-section of XLPE insulated high voltage power cable
4 mins read

Derating of 400 kV Buried Cables from Ventilated Trough

New 13 kV power circuits will be installed in an unfilled trough with ventilated covers. These new circuits will cross with existing buried 400 kV cables at approximately 90 degrees with a continuous current rating requirement of 1136 MVA (1640 A) per phase for all seasons.
Offshore wind turbine being constructed 2 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Wind Farm Dynamic Cable Ratings

This article explains why dynamic ratings are important when dealing with long AC cables for wind farms. An example calculation of a dynamic rating which uses the measured load profile is given.
Surface voltages 3D plot 1170x585 - Popular
4 mins read

Multilayer Soil Effects on Earthing Grid Resistance

This article shows the effects of soil resistivity and thickness of layers on grid resistance for earthing systems in multilayer soils. Increasing the resistivity of soil layers tends to increase the grid resistance, no matter which soil layer that is. Increasing the thickness of any soil layer with high resistivity also increases grid resistance and if the soil layer thickness is increased for a low resistivity layer then the grid resistance will decrease. Software modelling is performed and the results are compared and shown to match well with those from CDEGS software.
Comparison Of Safegrid with XGSLab and CDEGS - Popular
2 mins read

Comparison of SafeGrid with XGSLab and CDEGS Results

We have benchmarked our SafeGrid Earthing Software results for a 60 x 60 m grid against well-known software XGSLab™ and CDEGS™. We show that the results for grid resistance in multilayer soils up to 5 layers are virtually identical.
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