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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
ELEK Cable HV Software Screenshot - Popular
2 mins read

Comparison of CYMCAP with Cable HV Software Results

We have benchmarked our Cable HV Software current rating results for 110 kV cables against the well-known software CYMCAP. We have shown the results are virtually identical (under 1.5 % difference).
Earthing system with fault ELEK SafeGrid min 1170x585 - Popular
1 min read

What Happens During Substation Earth Grid Faults?

During an earth fault on a substation earth grid, the flow of current to the earth will produce voltage gradients. An earth grid that is properly designed will safely dissipate current into the ground.
Comparison Of Safegrid with XGSLab and CDEGS - Popular
2 mins read

Comparison of SafeGrid with XGSLab and CDEGS Results

We have benchmarked our SafeGrid Earthing Software results for a 60 x 60 m grid against well-known software XGSLab™ and CDEGS™. We show that the results for grid resistance in multilayer soils up to 5 layers are virtually identical.
Offshore wind farm with several turbines above water and underwater cables visible, set against a calm sea and a partly cloudy sky.
4 mins read

Thermal Analysis for HVDC Submarine Cables: Meeting the 2 K Criterion

Learn about thermal analysis for HVDC submarine cables, focusing on the 2 K Criterion to minimize environmental impacts.
3 mins read

Modelling earthing rods surrounded with bentonite

Using bentonite to reduce resistance Sometimes it is not possible to achieve the desired reduction in ground resistance by adding more grid conductors or ground rods. An alternate solution is to effectively increase the diameter of the electrode by modifying the soil surrounding.
Grounding grid beneath a large solar farm showing soil resistivity variation across the site
4 mins read

How Soil Resistivity Variation Affects Grounding Grid Impedance and Touch Voltage

Learn how soil resistivity variation affects grounding grid impedance and touch voltage on large solar farms and substations.
1653368710952 1170x585 - Popular
5 mins read

Current Rating of Cables in Ventilated Tunnels

The methods for calculating the current rating of multiple cables installed in ventilated tunnels are explained with example calculations. Overall tunnel length and air velocity inside the tunnel have a significant impact on cable current ratings.
Solar panels on a dirt field in arizona.
5 mins read

Grounding Conductor Selection for Utility-scale Solar Farms

Copper is often preferred for its superior electrical properties, while aluminum and galvanized steel are chosen for cost-effectiveness. Copper-clad steel can offer a balance between cost and performance. This article demonstrates which option is best for different scenarios.
Offshore wind farm with several turbines above water and underwater cables visible, set against a calm sea and a partly cloudy sky.
7 mins read

Cable Current Rating in J-Tubes for Offshore Windfarms

This article explains how to calculate the current rating of cables in J-tubes. Typically J-tubes are the thermal bottleneck of submarine power cable routes.
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