Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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2 mins read
We have benchmarked our SafeGrid Earthing Software results for a 60 x 60 m grid against well-known software XGSLab™ and CDEGS™. We show that the results for grid resistance in multilayer soils up to 5 layers are virtually identical.
This article explains how to calculate the current rating of cables in J-tubes. Typically J-tubes are the thermal bottleneck of submarine power cable routes.
4 mins read
Learn about thermal analysis for HVDC submarine cables, focusing on the 2 K Criterion to minimize environmental impacts.
2 mins read
We have benchmarked our Cable HV Software current rating results for 110 kV cables against the well-known software CYMCAP. We have shown the results are virtually identical (under 1.5 % difference).
3 mins read
The calculation of current ratings for groups of (multiple) cable circuits require the quantification of the mutual heating component between the groups of circuits. This example is for multiple groups of circuits in air on the same cable ladder. This article will discuss the IEC 60287 approach.
1 min read
During an earth fault on a substation earth grid, the flow of current to the earth will produce voltage gradients. An earth grid that is properly designed will safely dissipate current into the ground.
3 mins read
Using bentonite to reduce resistance Sometimes it is not possible to achieve the desired reduction in ground resistance by adding more grid conductors or ground rods. An alternate solution is to effectively increase the diameter of the electrode by modifying the soil surrounding.
Based on extensive field experience, this article recommends the best materials for cable trays for use in offshore facilities such as offshore wind, solar, and oil rigs.
5 mins read
The methods for calculating the current rating of multiple cables installed in ventilated tunnels are explained with example calculations. Overall tunnel length and air velocity inside the tunnel have a significant impact on cable current ratings.
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