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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
Three cross-sectional diagrams of electrical cables in different fillings (air, bentonite, water) with current ratings: air-filled 804A, bentonite 860A, water 874A; 7% improvement noted.
12 mins read

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Cable Systems Design

Explore HDD cable ampacity, soil dry out, water table effects, and duct behaviour. Model these conditions using electrical load calculation software for reliable ratings.
A man wearing a safety vest works at a desk with two computer monitors displaying engineering software and technical diagrams.
5 mins read

AI Modelling of Cables for IEC 60287 Ampacity Studies

A technical study on AI cable modelling for IEC 60287 ampacity calculations, comparing ELEK AI with ChatGPT and Claude using a 330 kV case study.
Overhead power line with sun 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Factors Affecting Bare Conductor Current Ratings

The current rating of bare conductors is affected by the conductor temperature, weather parameters, heat losses due to convection and radiation, the solar heat gain and conductor resistance, the calculation of which is governed by a steady-state and a non-steady-state heat balance equation.
A trench with several large orange pipes protruding through a rectangular board. Workers and construction materials are in the background.
5 mins read

Soil Temperature Calculations for Power Engineering

Soil temperature affects high voltage cable and earthing systems. Equations for soil temperature calculations based on air temperature are provided.
Cable laying vessel lays cable at sea for an offshore wind farm 1170x585 - Popular
10 mins read

Submarine Power Cable Current Ratings (2025 update)

The calculation of submarine cable current ratings is different from land cables due to their complex construction and installation conditions.
Electricity pylon with insulators against a cloudy sky.
10 mins read

Fault Current Distribution for Cable Transmission Lines

This report explains how to perform accurate earth fault current analysis for substations connected by cable transmission lines. Earth fault currents for simple cable and overhead transmission lines are explained first. Next, two case studies involving hybrid cable transmission lines are presented.
Four thermal maps display varying heat distributions in a target area, with colors ranging from blue (cool) to red (hot).
7 mins read

Advanced Soil Drying for Accurate Ampacity Calculations

New methods address IEC 60287 limitations for soil drying calculations. Considers multiple circuits, load factor, and backfill installations for accurate power cable ampacity.
Multiple black cables and two large pipes, one blue and one white, run through a trench dug in sandy soil at a construction site.
8 mins read

Accurate Cable Ampacity for Shallow-Buried Cables

IEC 60287 often overrates shallow-buried cable ampacity. ELEK’s method models soil surface cooling for safer, more reliable HV cable ratings.
1653885507804 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Typical Working Distances for Arc Flash Calculations

One of the main factors determining the severity of an arc flash injury is the proximity of the worker to the arc flash, also known as the working distance. Working distances from AS (ENA), IEEE, NFPA and DGUV Standards and Guides have been provided.
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