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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

Sign up for my email newsletter and I will send you the latest technical articles as they are released – Jayson Patrick.

Photo of Jayson Patrick for Technical Articles page about electrical power systems Design

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
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Electrical Software
Cable trench being backfilled by an excavator 1170x585 - Popular
5 mins read

Typical Thermal Resistivity of Backfill Soils and Concrete

It's difficult to decide on the thermal resistivity of soil or backfill to use for cable rating studies. The typical thermal resistivities of common native soils and engineered materials used as backfills for buried cables are provided in tables.
Cables in trench 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Estimating Cable Life Expectancy

Most power cables have a design life of between 20 to 30 years. If the cables are not fully loaded, they are expected to last beyond their design life. The insulation is the weakest part of a cable. Montsinger's Rule states: Insulation life is halved by a temperature increase of 8 to 10 ˚C. An example calculation using the Arrhenius equation is provided.
A technician wearing black gloves uses a multimeter to test wiring connections inside an electrical control panel.
8 mins read

Step-by-Step Arc Flash Calculation: Real-World Example Using IEEE Standard 1584

All steps of a real-world arc flash calculation example of a low-voltage AC installation with transformer, main switchboard, and distribution boards are explained.
HV Cables Single Cores in the Ground 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Neutral Conductor Sizing

The neutral conductor is required for each primary circuit, and there are rules in the Standards for its sizing.
Power Cables lineup 1170x585 - Popular
17 mins read

High Voltage Power Cable Current Ratings

Explains the effects of the installation conditions and the bonding arrangement on the current rating of high voltage power cables.
Large solar PV farm in Queensland ELEK SafeGrid Software 1170x585 - Popular
10 mins read

Solar Farm Earthing Design and Modelling Guide

How to design and model earthing systems for a solar PV farm to the latest practices and standards. Soil resistivity, fault levels, and safety are covered.
Electrician installing power cable 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Voltage drop limits for Low Voltage installations

Voltage Drop Limits per the Wiring Rules AS/NZS 3000 as well as rules of thumb to assist with electrical design. Includes AC and DC voltage drop or rise limits.
Arc Flash Draw Out Large Circuit Breaker ELEK Software small 1 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Understanding Arc Flash Hazards

Electrical equipment operating at or above 50 V AC or 120 V DC which will not put into a deenergised state during work must be evaluated for arc flash and shock protection. Three types of activities of workers carry the highest risk of arc flash. Three main factors determine the severity of an arc flash injury.
Substation Crushed Rock for Safety ELEK Software 1 min 1 1170x585 - Popular
4 mins read

Why Crushed Rock is Laid in Substations

There are two reasons, according to the standards, why crushed rock or gravel is laid in substations, as explained in this article.
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