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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
A table with an assortment of cables and wires for power connections.
5 mins read

Charging Current and its Affect on Maximum Cable Length

Charging current in power cables is 10-20 times larger than for overhead lines. The maximum length of cable circuits is determined by their capacitance. This report provides equations and shows how critical cable length depends on voltage level, cable size and frequency.
Cable trench being backfilled by an excavator 1170x585 - Popular
5 mins read

Typical Thermal Resistivity of Backfill Soils and Concrete

It's difficult to decide on the thermal resistivity of soil or backfill to use for cable rating studies. The typical thermal resistivities of common native soils and engineered materials used as backfills for buried cables are provided in tables.
Copper earthing grid conductors buried
4 mins read

Resistance of Earthing Rods and Rod Beds

Earthing rods improve earthing systems when driven into low resistivity soil layers. Due to the proximity effect the rule of thumb is earth rods should be separated by at least their driven length. Rods may be encased in concrete to lower their resistance. Equations are provided for hand calculations and these have been validated with numerical software.
Circuit breakers 1 1170x585 - Popular
8 mins read

Protection Coordination Requirements from Standards

There are several international Standards (AS/NZS, BS and IEC) which cover requirements for protection coordination of low voltage electrical systems and this article provides a summary of those as a reference.
shutterstock 188769602 1170x585 - Popular
12 mins read

Fundamentals of Earthing Design

Key earthing design concepts covered including Grid Potential Rise, design to reduce touch and step voltages, fault current distribution, effects of soil resistivity and use of rods to improve safety along with calculation and modelling examples.
Lightning strike on substation 1 1 1170x585 - Popular
6 mins read

Lightning Protection Design for Substations

Direct lightning strikes to substations causes physical damage and poses hazards for people.
HV Cables Single Cores in the Ground 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

Neutral Conductor Sizing

The neutral conductor is required for each primary circuit, and there are rules in the Standards for its sizing.
Infrared image of cable tray showing temperature gradients with adjacent diagrams labeled Flat (1), Flat (2), Trefoil (1), Trefoil (2), and check or crossmarks indicating status.
8 mins read

Ampacity of Power Cables Installed in Trays

Explore the factors affecting cable ampacity in trays, including thermal and electromagnetic effects. Learn calculation methods and best practices for safe power cable installations.
ELEK Software Vehicle Charging Station 1170x585 - Popular
3 mins read

Touch Voltage Calculations for LV Electrical Systems

The definition of “touch voltage” is the voltage between accessible exposed and extraneous conductive parts that may lead to the risk of electric shock in the event of an electrical fault. This article covers AS/NZS 3000, BS 7671, and NFPA 70E rules concerning touch voltages and provides the equations for calculations.
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