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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
Wind turbine foundation 1170x585 - Articles
13 mins read

Wind Farm Earthing Design and Modelling Guide

The technical guide explains the electrical systems, local WTG and combined earthing system design, touch and step voltage hazards, soil electrical resistivity measurements, earth fault currents, earthing system software modelling, and validation testing of earthing for wind farms.
Substation Crushed Rock for Safety ELEK Software 1 min 1 1170x585 - Articles
4 mins read

Why Crushed Rock is Laid in Substations

There are two reasons, according to the standards, why crushed rock or gravel is laid in substations, as explained in this article.
Figure 06 Cross bonded cables with transposition ELEK Software 1170x585 - Articles
11 mins read

Sheath Bonding Design Guide for High Voltage Cables

Sheath bonding is one of the most important design aspects for high-voltage cable power transmission. Solidly, single-point, and cross-bonded systems are explained.
Earthing system with fault ELEK SafeGrid min 1170x585 - Articles
1 min read

What Happens During Substation Earth Grid Faults?

During an earth fault on a substation earth grid, the flow of current to the earth will produce voltage gradients. An earth grid that is properly designed will safely dissipate current into the ground.
Short circuit cable rating ELEK Software 1 1170x585 - Articles
4 mins read

Short Circuit Power Cable Sizing Explained

The fault current which flows in a power cable causes its temperature to rise dramatically. The adiabatic equations for calculating the minimum conductor size to withstand the short circuit are explained.
SafeGrid Reach Touch Voltage Plot 1170x585 - Articles
4 mins read

Reach Touch Voltages Explained

Reach touch voltages are different to touch voltages and automatically set to zero when the distance between the voltage point on the ground surface and the grid conductor which is touched exceeds a reach distance.
Fig. 3 – Crossing of 2 single core circuits 1 1170x585 - Articles
7 mins read

Derating for Cable Crossings

Crossing multiple cables or heat sources at a crossing angle causes a current rating reduction, calculated using IEC Standard 60287.
Cross-section of XLPE insulated high voltage power cable
4 mins read

Derating of 400 kV Buried Cables from Ventilated Trough

New 13 kV power circuits will be installed in an unfilled trough with ventilated covers. These new circuits will cross with existing buried 400 kV cables at approximately 90 degrees with a continuous current rating requirement of 1136 MVA (1640 A) per phase for all seasons.
Cables in trench 1170x585 - Articles
8 mins read

Estimating Cable Life Expectancy

Most power cables have a design life of between 20 to 30 years. If the cables are not fully loaded, they are expected to last beyond their design life. The insulation is the weakest part of a cable. Montsinger's Rule states: Insulation life is halved by a temperature increase of 8 to 10 ˚C. An example calculation using the Arrhenius equation is provided.
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