Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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4 mins read
Learn about thermal analysis for HVDC submarine cables, focusing on the 2 K Criterion to minimize environmental impacts.
2 mins read
How to model the influence of an additional substances like bentonite surrounding the conductors of a buried earthing system on grid resistance, touch and step voltages.
6 mins read
The Annex H in IEEE Standard 80-2013 contains benchmark case results for comparing and evaluating software tools and methodologies used for the analysis of substation earthing. The results compare the simple equations from IEEE Std 80 with the results given by some of the commercially available software such as CDEGS, ETAP, SGW, SDWorkstation and WinIGS.
1 min read
The 4 main approaches for determining the maximum demand of an electrical installation are discussed.
1 min read
During an earth fault on a substation earth grid, the flow of current to the earth will produce voltage gradients. An earth grid that is properly designed will safely dissipate current into the ground.
5 mins read
The methods for calculating the current rating of multiple cables installed in ventilated tunnels are explained with example calculations. Overall tunnel length and air velocity inside the tunnel have a significant impact on cable current ratings.
3 mins read
Using bentonite to reduce resistance Sometimes it is not possible to achieve the desired reduction in ground resistance by adding more grid conductors or ground rods. An alternate solution is to effectively increase the diameter of the electrode by modifying the soil surrounding.
2 mins read
We have benchmarked our SafeGrid Earthing Software results for a 60 x 60 m grid against well-known software XGSLab™ and CDEGS™. We show that the results for grid resistance in multilayer soils up to 5 layers are virtually identical.
4 mins read
New 13 kV power circuits will be installed in an unfilled trough with ventilated covers. These new circuits will cross with existing buried 400 kV cables at approximately 90 degrees with a continuous current rating requirement of 1136 MVA (1640 A) per phase for all seasons.
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