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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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9 mins read
There are several international Standards (AS/NZS, BS and IEC) which cover requirements for protection coordination of low voltage electrical systems and this article provides a summary of those as a reference.
2 mins read
We have benchmarked our SafeGrid Earthing Software results for a 60 x 60 m grid against well-known software XGSLab™ and CDEGS™. We show that the results for grid resistance in multilayer soils up to 5 layers are virtually identical.
10 mins read
The definition of emergency rating is the permissible short-term rating of a cable already loaded and at a steady-state, considering the thermal capacitances and the thermal resistances of an installed cable system. The definition of cyclic rating is the maximum current of a cable when the load is varied in a sequence of steps that are repeated cyclically. The cyclic rating differs for different sequences and different cycle periods. Both emergency and cyclic ratings deal with time-varying loads
This article explains why dynamic ratings are important when dealing with long AC cables for wind farms. An example calculation of a dynamic rating which uses the measured load profile is given.
Waveform cables are commonly used in the UK for low-voltage power networks. The term waveform refers to the way the neutral/earth wires are laid around the cores/bedding. Using this configuration enables the neutral/earth wires to be opened so a connection can be made to the conductors anywhere along its length.
10 mins read
This article analyses the magnetic fields produced by electrical power cables installed in various configurations under varying conditions in the context of a health and safety-related issue. A software program has been used for calculating the results based on the Biot-Savart law. Techniques for the mitigation of magnetic fields are also presented.
6 mins read
Direct lightning strikes to substations causes physical damage and poses hazards for people.
3 mins read
Using bentonite to reduce resistance Sometimes it is not possible to achieve the desired reduction in ground resistance by adding more grid conductors or ground rods. An alternate solution is to effectively increase the diameter of the electrode by modifying the soil surrounding.
1 min read
Download the attached PDF report template and use it for your solar connection applications.
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