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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

Sign up for my email newsletter and I will send you the latest technical articles as they are released – Jayson Patrick

Photo of Jayson Patrick for Technical Articles page about electrical power systems Design

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
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Electrical Software
Soil resistivity measurements using Wenner method 1 1170x585 - Articles
3 mins read

Typical Values of Soil Resistivity

Soil electrical resistivity varies based on several factors. Use these tables to validate your soil measurements or devise a soil model without having measurements for preliminary earthing/grounding designs.
Crushed blue metal rock and foundation in switchyard 1 1170x585 - Articles
3 mins read

Surface Material Resistivity

This article provides typical values for surface layer resistivity to be used for earthing and ground electrical calculations of touch and step voltages.
ELEK Software Grounding Earthing cables on copper bar 1 1170x585 - Articles
6 mins read

Protective Earth Cable Sizing

This article explains how to properly size earth conductors for earth faults and includes the method, equations, constants you can use and worked examples to follow.
Earthing Design Software Screenshot
11 mins read

7 Best Earthing and Grounding Design Software Packages

We compare the best and latest earthing and grounding system design software including SafeGrid, CDEGS, XGSLab, ETAP and more based on technical features and compares price.
ELEK Software Power cables in a trench 1 1170x585 - Articles
3 mins read

Effects of Controlled Backfills on Cable Current Ratings

The effects on the current rating of cables buried in soils with different thermal resistivities are examined with software using the finite element technique.
Electrical substation in snow ELEK Software for earthing design 1170x585 - Articles
3 mins read

Earth Grid Design for Frozen Soils

Soil resistivity is one of the most critical factors affecting earthing and grounding system performance and safety. In cold climates, the top-soil layers may be frozen during the winter or spring seasons, and resistivity may increase to as high as 10,000 Ω.m in the frozen soil layers. This can give rise to significant touch voltage hazards during an earth fault.
Large solar PV farm in Queensland ELEK SafeGrid Software 1170x585 - Articles
10 mins read

Solar Farm Earthing Design and Modelling Guide

How to design and model earthing systems for a solar PV farm to the latest practices and standards. Soil resistivity, fault levels, and safety are covered.
Substation fence 1 1170x585 - Articles
3 mins read

Touch Voltages on Substation Metallic Fences

Should a metal fence be bonded to the substation earth grid? The metal fences around substations keep people out but they pose earthing safety challenges. These metallic fences, which are easily accessible to the public and personnel, must be adequately earthed and touch voltages on them during an electrical fault must not exceed safe limits.
A diagram of a set of test tubes on a table with power.
3 mins read

Concrete-encased Earthing Rods

Metal earthing rods that are encased inside concrete will have a lower resistance. Concrete has a typical electrical resistivity of between 30 Ohm.m to 200 Ohm.m.
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