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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

Sign up for my email newsletter and I will send you the latest technical articles as they are released – Jayson Patrick

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
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Fig. 3 – Crossing of 2 single core circuits 1 1170x585 - Articles
7 mins read

Derating for Cable Crossings

Crossing multiple cables or heat sources at a crossing angle causes a current rating reduction, calculated using IEC Standard 60287.
Cross-section of XLPE insulated high voltage power cable
4 mins read

Derating of 400 kV Buried Cables from Ventilated Trough

New 13 kV power circuits will be installed in an unfilled trough with ventilated covers. These new circuits will cross with existing buried 400 kV cables at approximately 90 degrees with a continuous current rating requirement of 1136 MVA (1640 A) per phase for all seasons.
Cables in trench 1170x585 - Articles
10 mins read

Estimating Cable Life Expectancy

Most power cables have a design life of between 20 to 30 years. If the cables are not fully loaded, they are expected to last beyond their design life. The insulation is the weakest part of a cable. Montsinger's Rule states: Insulation life is halved by a temperature increase of 8 to 10 ˚C. An example calculation using the Arrhenius equation is provided.
ELEK Software Vehicle Charging Station 1170x585 - Articles
3 mins read

Touch Voltage Calculations for LV Electrical Systems

The definition of “touch voltage” is the voltage between accessible exposed and extraneous conductive parts that may lead to the risk of electric shock in the event of an electrical fault. This article covers AS/NZS 3000, BS 7671, and NFPA 70E rules concerning touch voltages and provides the equations for calculations.
Offshore wind farm with several turbines above water and underwater cables visible, set against a calm sea and a partly cloudy sky.
7 mins read

Cable Current Rating in J-Tubes for Offshore Windfarms

This article explains how to calculate the current rating of cables in J-tubes. Typically J-tubes are the thermal bottleneck of submarine power cable routes.
1657081375283 1107x585 - Articles
8 mins read

Current Rating of Cables in Multiple Backfills Using the Finite Element Method

A new calculation method based on FEM and IEC 60287 for current rating of HV cables in soils with multiple different thermal resistivities is explained with an example calculation. Modelling the different soil thermal resistivity zones (multiple backfills) is important for obtaining accurate cable current ratings.
1654491769111 1 1170x585 - Articles
12 mins read

Solar PV systems – DC cable sizing with examples

DC cable sizing has significant implications on a PV system's performance, total cost, and safety. Example calculations of Current Rating and Voltage Rise have been provided.
1653885507804 1170x585 - Articles
2 mins read

Typical Working Distances for Arc Flash Calculations

One of the main factors determining the severity of an arc flash injury is the proximity of the worker to the arc flash, also known as the working distance. Working distances from AS (ENA), IEEE, NFPA and DGUV Standards and Guides have been provided.
1653971060513 1170x585 - Articles
3 mins read

Soil Frequency Dependency During Lightning Strikes

The effects of lightning strikes on earthing or protection systems designed to IEC 62305 can be modelled using an equivalent single frequency from 25kHz up to 1MHz which gives similar results to a time-domain approach. This article provides the frequency and current values to be used for modelling lightning.
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