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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
ELEK vs Competitors
Electrical Software
Multiple black cables and two large pipes, one blue and one white, run through a trench dug in sandy soil at a construction site.
8 mins read

Accurate Cable Ampacity for Shallow-Buried Cables

IEC 60287 often overrates shallow-buried cable ampacity. ELEK’s method models soil surface cooling for safer, more reliable HV cable ratings.
Close-up of a high-voltage power cable, showing layers of insulation, copper conductors, and outer black sheath.
5 mins read

Summary of Electric Power Cable History

This article provides a timeline of the key milestones from early 19th century insulated wires through to modern innovations in high-voltage cables.
Screenshot of an application showing an edit load panel with fields for electrical installation, description, and phases. A photo of a 6-socket outlet adapter, quantity set to 12, is highlighted in red.
2 mins read

Double Socket-outlets in Maximum Demand Calculations

The AS/NZS 3000 Standard provides different rules in Appendix C for maximum demand with socket-outlets for domestic, commercial, and industrial electrical installations. Calculation examples are provided involving double socket-outlets.
Electricity pylon with insulators against a cloudy sky.
10 mins read

Fault Current Distribution for Cable Transmission Lines

This report explains how to perform accurate earth fault current analysis for substations connected by cable transmission lines. Earth fault currents for simple cable and overhead transmission lines are explained first. Next, two case studies involving hybrid cable transmission lines are presented.
Cross-section of a cable duct in soil showing airflow patterns: warm air rises in the center, cool air descends by the wall, and heat is conducted into the soil.
9 mins read

Ampacity of Multiple Cable Circuits in a Duct

Accurate ampacity for multiple cable circuits in a duct using FEM: Learn how mutual heating and duct arrangement impact safe, efficient cable design in solar PV systems.
Three core low voltage cable 1170x585 - Popular
2 mins read

New Wiring Rules and cable current ratings calculations

Discussion of the changes to AS/NZS 3000:2018 affecting cable current-carrying capacity.
Infographic on power systems earthing standards, featuring diagrams and guidelines for substation earthing, touch/step voltage limits, and testing. Includes industry logos and software ad.
4 mins read

Standards for Power Systems Earthing Design

Experienced electrical engineers created this reference list of standards for power systems earthing/grounding for substations, renewable energy, etc.
Flowchart showing a series of squares, some filled red, on a path moving upward toward a "Higher Priority" label with an arrow on the right side.
3 mins read

Practical Guide to Selective Protection Coordination

Learn how to set priorities and adjust protective devices for selective coordination to isolate faults and minimise outages in electrical systems.
Crushed blue metal rock and foundation in switchyard 1 1170x585 - Popular
3 mins read

Surface Material Resistivity

This article provides typical values for surface layer resistivity to be used for earthing and ground electrical calculations of touch and step voltages.
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