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Power Systems Technical Articles

Our experts continuously work on power systems problems, and we share solutions with Practical Reference Articles.

The main topics are earthing system modeling, power cable ratings, HV/LV electrical design, protective device coordination, and arc flash studies. We cover IEC and IEEE standards.

Sign up for my email newsletter and I will send you the latest technical articles as they are released – Jayson Patrick

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Low Voltage Design
Earthing Design
High Voltage Cable Design
Arc Flash Studies
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Large solar PV farm in Queensland ELEK SafeGrid Software 1170x585 - Articles - Earthing Design
10 mins read

Solar Farm Earthing Design and Modelling Guide

How to design and model earthing systems for a solar PV farm to the latest practices and standards. Soil resistivity, fault levels, and safety are covered.
Substation fence 1 1170x585 - Articles - Earthing Design
3 mins read

Touch Voltages on Substation Metallic Fences

Should a metal fence be bonded to the substation earth grid? The metal fences around substations keep people out but they pose earthing safety challenges. These metallic fences, which are easily accessible to the public and personnel, must be adequately earthed and touch voltages on them during an electrical fault must not exceed safe limits.
A diagram of a set of test tubes on a table with power.
3 mins read

Concrete-encased Earthing Rods

Metal earthing rods that are encased inside concrete will have a lower resistance. Concrete has a typical electrical resistivity of between 30 Ohm.m to 200 Ohm.m.
Comparison Of Safegrid with XGSLab and CDEGS - Articles - Earthing Design
2 mins read

Comparison of SafeGrid with XGSLab and CDEGS Results

We have benchmarked our SafeGrid Earthing Software results for a 60 x 60 m grid against well-known software XGSLab™ and CDEGS™. We show that the results for grid resistance in multilayer soils up to 5 layers are virtually identical.
Lightning strike on substation 1 1 1170x585 - Articles - Earthing Design
6 mins read

Lightning Protection Design for Substations

Direct lightning strikes to substations causes physical damage and poses hazards for people.
3 mins read

Modelling earthing rods surrounded with bentonite

Using bentonite to reduce resistance Sometimes it is not possible to achieve the desired reduction in ground resistance by adding more grid conductors or ground rods. An alternate solution is to effectively increase the diameter of the electrode by modifying the soil surrounding.
A graph showing the power station's voltage.
6 mins read

Earthing Software Benchmark Study

The Annex H in IEEE Standard 80-2013 contains benchmark case results for comparing and evaluating software tools and methodologies used for the analysis of substation earthing. The results compare the simple equations from IEEE Std 80 with the results given by some of the commercially available software such as CDEGS, ETAP, SGW, SDWorkstation and WinIGS.
Graph comparing the relationship between distance and resistance in electrical systems and renewable energy sources.
9 mins read

Testing of Earthing Systems

Provides test procedures based on the fall of potential method and actual touch and step voltage measurements for the purpose of validating a safe earthing design. Includes procedures for both large or small earthing systems, safety requirements (for undertaking the tests) and recommended testing equipment.
shutterstock 188769602 1170x585 - Articles - Earthing Design
12 mins read

Fundamentals of Earthing Design

Key earthing design concepts covered including Grid Potential Rise, design to reduce touch and step voltages, fault current distribution, effects of soil resistivity and use of rods to improve safety along with calculation and modelling examples.
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